{"id":6824,"date":"2022-10-06T15:14:00","date_gmt":"2022-10-06T08:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ttthsaigon.vn\/?p=6824"},"modified":"2022-10-06T15:16:53","modified_gmt":"2022-10-06T08:16:53","slug":"nhung-buc-anh-hiem-hoi-ve-tau-hoa-hang-sang-nhung-nam-1900-1940","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ttthsaigon.vn\/index.php\/nhung-buc-anh-hiem-hoi-ve-tau-hoa-hang-sang-nhung-nam-1900-1940\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh hi\u1ebfm hoi v\u1ec1 t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa h\u1ea1ng sang nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1900 – 1940"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1900, du l\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa h\u1ea1ng sang l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u.<\/h5>\n

V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i. Qua nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh du l\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa h\u1ea1ng sang trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t xa hoa v\u00e0 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c cao c\u1ea5p, gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920 v\u00e0 1930 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ho\u00e0ng kim cho du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u1edf M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec7n nghi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n trong s\u1ef1 sang tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Nh\u1eefng<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, \u0111\u01b0a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf M\u1ef9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u0103m 1825, tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf Anh – n\u01a1i khai sinh ra cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. B\u1ed1n n\u0103m sau, tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Baltimore-Ohio, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cao tr\u00e0o. Trong 20 n\u0103m, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 14.000 km. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Hoa K\u1ef3 ngay t\u1eeb khi m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh trung l\u01b0u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 xa x\u1ec9 nh\u1ea5t khi \u0111i du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3: \u00f4 t\u00f4.<\/p>\n

\u00d4 t\u00f4 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ch\u1eb7ng ng\u1eafn v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u00e1i xe t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n n\u00e0y sang th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ef1a v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1m x\u0103ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa tr\u00ean qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i tr\u1edf n\u00ean thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a th\u00edch h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Nh\u1eefng<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Trong 60 n\u0103m 1850-1910, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u01a1n 370.000 km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 6.000 km. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn nh\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Santa Fe \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \u0111an ch\u00e9o nhau tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 New York Central \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi “m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda” \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng t\u1eeb \u00f4 t\u00f4.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u00e1p ph\u00edch, l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cu\u0303ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

New York Central \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Henry Dreyfuss, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeda v\u00e0 toa ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9p di\u00eam.<\/p>\n

Du l\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1930 khi n\u00f3 ra m\u1eaft v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe l\u1eeda h\u1ea1ng sang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Khi nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930 tr\u00f4i qua, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty xe l\u1eeda nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n nghi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch. Theo \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p toa \u0103n sao cho th\u1eadt sang tr\u1ecdng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng toa ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f4ng th\u1eadt sang v\u00e0 x\u1ecbn.<\/p>\n

Tuy\u1ebfn Royal Blue l\u00e0 chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a B&O Railroad v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u toa \u0103n u\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York v\u00e0 Washington, DC.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Nh\u1eefng<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ho\u00e0ng kim c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft M\u1ef9 tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 cao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. N\u0103m 1916, t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1t 21 t\u1ef7 USD, g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i GDP h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Anh tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. N\u0103m 1916, thu nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1t 3,35 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft l\u00e0 1,7 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n 600.000 km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 d\u1eb7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 d\u1eb7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Anh, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 150.000 km.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc (1810-1850) \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y (1850-1890).<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ef1c th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ch\u1edf h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a Baltimore, Ohio v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1827 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e3y n\u00fai Appalachian v\u00e0o n\u0103m sau 1828.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong 45 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u0103m 1873 ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi k\u00ecm h\u00e3m, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Nh\u1eefng<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eb7ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vay cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 d\u1eb7m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Nh\u1eefng<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Hoa K\u1ef3, tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n hai b\u1edd \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00e2y c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0ng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Hoa K\u1ef3. Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft c\u0169ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp khai sinh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, khi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Nh\u1eefng<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

S\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Hoa K\u1ef3; ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap Hoa K\u1ef3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Nh\u1eefng<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Sau khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft M\u1ef9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 quan li\u00eau v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Nh\u1eefng<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u1eabn do c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 c\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft “l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng” v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thua l\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Nh\u1eefng<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i suy tho\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft M\u1ef9. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai, h\u01a1n 110.000 km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n. Sau khi Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II k\u1ebft th\u00fac, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf M\u1ef9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sau chi\u1ebfn tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 v\u1eady, ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh h\u00e0o quang tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Earthlymission; Nature; NASA; Rarehistoricalphotos<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1900, du l\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa h\u1ea1ng sang l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i. Qua nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh …<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh hi\u1ebfm hoi v\u1ec1 t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa h\u1ea1ng sang nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1900 – 1940<\/span> Read More \u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":6823,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[70],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ttthsaigon.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6824"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ttthsaigon.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ttthsaigon.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ttthsaigon.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ttthsaigon.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6824"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ttthsaigon.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6824\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6825,"href":"https:\/\/ttthsaigon.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6824\/revisions\/6825"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ttthsaigon.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6823"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ttthsaigon.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6824"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ttthsaigon.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6824"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ttthsaigon.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6824"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}